{"id":1078,"date":"2013-04-01T18:47:41","date_gmt":"2013-04-01T18:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ipc.org.co\/agenciadeprensa2013\/04\/01\/lor-convoite-et-bajo-cauca\/"},"modified":"2013-04-01T18:47:41","modified_gmt":"2013-04-01T18:47:41","slug":"lor-convoite-et-bajo-cauca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ipc.org.co\/agenciadeprensa\/lor-convoite-et-bajo-cauca\/","title":{"rendered":"L&#8217;or convoit\u00e9 et Bajo Cauca"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1077\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ipc.org.co\/agenciadeprensa\/images\/stories\/Mineria 2(2).jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"299\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\">Photo Carlos \u00c1lvarez<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Traduction Maria del Socorro Alzate S.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Depuis<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">la r\u00e9gion du Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e9t\u00e9 l&#8217;\u00e9picentre de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la production d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d\u00e9partement d&#8217;Antioquia<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la r\u00e9gion est devenue<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le sc\u00e9nario de manifestations<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mini\u00e8res<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">contre le gouvernement national<\/span> qui vise \u00e0 <span class=\"hps\">mettre fin \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ill\u00e9gale ce qui porte atteinte &nbsp;\u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&nbsp;<\/span>informelle. <span class=\"hps\">L&#8217;intervention<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des groupes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">arm\u00e9s, les extorsions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millionnaires<\/span>, les dommages environnementaux <span class=\"hps\">et les pers\u00e9cutions de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat<\/span>\u200b\u200b, <span class=\"hps\">sont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">quelques-unes des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">questions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qui suscitent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le d\u00e9bat<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">L&#8217;Agence<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">de presse<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">IPC<\/span> s<span class=\"hps\">&#8216;est rendue dans la r\u00e9gion<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour faire<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">un rapport sp\u00e9cial<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sur l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ce<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">premier chapitre d\u00e9crit comment<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des groupes ill\u00e9gaux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">essayent de profiter de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tant convoit\u00e9e.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0cm\" type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR\">Les      noms<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language:     FR\"> de <span class=\"hps\">diff\u00e9rentes sources mentionn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">omis pour<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span>      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"FR\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">L&#8217;intervention des groupes <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">arm\u00e9s<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span lang=\"FR\"><br \/> <\/span><\/b><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language: FR\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt; mso-ansi-language:FR\">Premier Chapitre)<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Compos\u00e9e par les&nbsp; municipalit\u00e9s de<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">Taraz\u00e1,<\/span> C\u00e1ceres, Caucasia, <span class=\"hps\">Zaragoza<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">El Bagre<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et Nechi<\/span>, la <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9gion du Bajo Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est situ\u00e9e dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le nord-est<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;Antioquia<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">entre les montagnes de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">San<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Lucas et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Ayapel<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">La zone est travers\u00e9e<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par les fleuves<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et Nechi<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et se compose de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">plaines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et de montagnes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qui offrent des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">climats chauds et temp\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">aptes \u00e0 la pisciculture,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;\u00e9levage de b\u00e9tail<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et l&#8217;agriculture<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du riz, du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ma\u00efs, du sorgho<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et des fruits.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Mais<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la premi\u00e8re ligne<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de l&#8217;\u00e9conomie<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est occup\u00e9e par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les mines d&#8217;or<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Il est estim\u00e9 qu&#8217;environ<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">80% de la<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">population d<\/span><span class=\"hps\">ans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la r\u00e9gion <\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\">d\u00e9pend \u00e9conomiquement de l&#8217;<\/span>extraction de l&#8217;or. <span class=\"hps\">Selon les chiffres de<\/span> <st1:personname productid=\"la Conf\uffe9d\uffe9ration\" w:st=\"on\"><span class=\"hps\">la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/span><\/st1:personname><span class=\"hps\"> nationale<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des travailleurs des mines<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">de Colombie (<\/span>CONALMINERCOL), <span class=\"hps\">qui regroupe<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les chercheurs d&#8217;or<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">de charbon<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et de mat\u00e9riel de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d\u00e9bris<\/span> (material de arrastre), <span class=\"hps\">25.000<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">familles subsistent uniquement de <\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;\u00e9xtraction<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">petite et moyenne \u00e9chelle<\/span>.<\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Selon les informations<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">de <st1:personname productid=\"la Conf\uffe9d\uffe9ration\" w:st=\"on\">la  Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/st1:personname> et<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">l&#8217;<\/span>Association des mineurs <span class=\"hps\">de Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">dans la r\u00e9gion<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">il y a actuellement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">1200&nbsp; exploitations artisanales<\/span>, qui g\u00e9n\u00e8rent <span class=\"hps\">environ 48.000<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">emplois directs et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">2<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tonnes d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par mois<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">L&rsquo;une des probl\u00e9matiques<\/span> c&rsquo;<span class=\"hps\">est que seulement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">5% des producteurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">un titre minier<\/span>, alors <span class=\"hps\">que d&#8217;autres sont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des miniers informels<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size: 8.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Sans avoir<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">aucun titre,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ces<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">miniers ont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">extrait<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">traditionnellement&nbsp; de l&#8217;or \u00e0 petite et moyenne \u00e9chelle<\/span>. Aujourd&#8217;hui, <span class=\"hps\">ils se sentent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par le gouvernement national<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">puisqu&#8217;ils se trouvent<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">au milieu des <\/span>op\u00e9rations contre <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;exploitation ill\u00e9gale<\/span>. Cette derni\u00e8re est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e <span class=\"hps\">par des groupes arm\u00e9s<\/span> qui <span class=\"hps\">cherchent des ressources<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour se financer<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou des strat\u00e9gies pour<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">blanchir de l&#8217;argent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">illicite.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">d\u00e9fi pour le gouvernement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est de faire la<\/span> distinction entre l<span class=\"hpsatn0\">&#8216;<\/span>exploitation mini\u00e8re <span class=\"hps\">traditionnelle<\/span> et <span class=\"hps\">ill\u00e9gale. <\/span>Aussi de p<span class=\"hps\">oursuivre<\/span> en justice <span class=\"hps\">cette derni\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et officialiser la premi\u00e8re.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">La plus grande difficult\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que les gangs criminels<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn0\">(<\/span>BACRIM), <span class=\"hps\">les trafiquants de drogue<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et la gu\u00e9rilla<\/span> sont <span class=\"hps\">impliqu\u00e9s dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les mines d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn0\">et <\/span>exercent un contr\u00f4le <span class=\"hps\">\u00e9conomique, social<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et <\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\">territoriale dans le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bajo Cauca<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Un fonctionnaire<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">de Caucasia<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a indiqu\u00e9 que<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la r\u00e9gion tout le monde<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">etait au courant<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du fait que ces groupes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">vivent<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\"> du trafic de drogue<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;extorsion. Donc,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&quot; ici, dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le&nbsp;<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bajo Cauca<\/span>, dans les mines, chaque <span class=\"hps\">pelleteuse<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">doit payer<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">entre 5 et 10<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millions de pesos<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par mois<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn0\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le pr\u00e9sident de CONARMINERCOL,<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">Ramiro<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Guerrero<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Restrepo<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">a dit que &quot;<\/span>la valeur de <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;extorsion<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">varie en fonction de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la zone<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et du type d&#8217;exploitation .<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Ainsi, parfois<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">on extorque&nbsp; par<\/span> machine <span class=\"hps\">ou&nbsp;<\/span> par l&#8217;extension de l&#8217;exploitation<span class=\"hps\">.<\/span> C&#8217;est une&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span> qu&#8217;i<span class=\"hps\">ls sont pr\u00e9sents dans presque<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">toutes les municipalit\u00e9s du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">mais nous ne pouvons<\/span> pas <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Nous demandons au gouvernement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">national<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de nous fournir des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">garanties<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour exercer<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">notre activit\u00e9 et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour contr\u00f4ler ces groupes<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le nombre total d&rsquo;<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">extorsions&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">est difficile \u00e0 calculer<\/span>, puisque selon <span class=\"hps\">Guerrero<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Restrepo<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">en plus des frais<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">variables, les &quot;<\/span>gens prudemment restent<span class=\"hps\"> silencieux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">parce que personne ne<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">doit savoir qu&#8217;on<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">paie<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des extorsions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">aux&nbsp; groupes arm\u00e9s<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Nous n&#8217;avons pas de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">chiffres exacts sur<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le montant pay\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour ce concept.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Je dis que<\/span>, en moyenne, ils <span class=\"hps\">sont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pay\u00e9s 3<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millions de pesos par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">machine et si<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">chacune des 1200 exploitations ont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">3 machines,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">vous pouvez&nbsp; imaginer &#8230;<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Dans le<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">livre de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">L&#8217;informalit\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et l&#8217;ill\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les mines d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et de bois<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 Antioquia, publi\u00e9 par<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">des chercheurs de l&#8217;<\/span>Universit\u00e9 EAFIT <span class=\"hps\">avec le soutien de<\/span> <st1:personname productid=\"la Fundacion\" w:st=\"on\"><span class=\"hps\">la Fundacion<\/span><\/st1:personname> <span class=\"hps\">ideas<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">por la paz<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">les auteurs ont \u00e9tabli<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;extorsion <\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span>des groupes ill\u00e9gaux <span class=\"hps\">peuvent recevoir<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tous les mois<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">entre 650 et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">3.450<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millions de pesos<\/span><span class=\"atn\">, &laquo;<\/span>ce qui repr\u00e9senterait <span class=\"hps\">entre 20% et 70%<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&nbsp;du PIB<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">minier<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">(<\/span>&#8230;). Le chantage <span class=\"hps\">oscille entre 1 et 5 millions de pesos<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par mois,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par machine<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou par exploitation dans des zones<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de faible production<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">comme l&#8217;Ouest,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et jusqu&#8217;au 10 millions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les zones avec un rendement \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">comme le<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">Bajo Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le Nord-Est<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&raquo;.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">[1<\/span>]<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">En plus de&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;extorsion,<\/span> les groupes ill\u00e9gaux&nbsp; b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient <span class=\"hps\">de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re,<\/span> de <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;acquisition de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">machines et<\/span> de <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;achat<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;or. Cela est la cause<\/span> de <span class=\"hps\">la di<\/span>spute <span class=\"hps\">pour les territoires<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">miniers<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et la situation critique<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center\"><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">Les strat\u00e9gies des groupes arm\u00e9s pour se financer de l&rsquo;exploitation mini\u00e8re<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">L&#8217;histoire de<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">dans la r\u00e9gion du Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 la dispute<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour le territoire.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Depuis<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt<\/span>, lorsque <span class=\"hps\">dans la r\u00e9gion l<\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\">&#8216;<\/span>extraction&nbsp;de l&#8217;or s&#8217;est intensifi\u00e9e<span class=\"hps\">, des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes&nbsp;tels que le d\u00e9placement<\/span>, la d\u00e9possession <span class=\"hps\">des terrains et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la vente de terres \u00e0 bas prix<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 appara\u00eetre,<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant<\/span> apparemment <span class=\"hps\">des propri\u00e9taires fonciers<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s mini\u00e8res<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ceci a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">projet &laquo;Reconstruction<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du capital social et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">citoyen&raquo;<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">gouvernement d&#8217;Antioquia<\/span>, le Conseil sup\u00e9rieur <span class=\"hps\">pour la r\u00e9insertion<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">dans les ann\u00e9es 2009 et 2010<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Il y a des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents qui&nbsp; datent de<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;\u00e9poque des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">paramilitaires, ils se sont appropri\u00e9s des fermes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">avec des filons<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le sud de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bolivar<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et d&#8217;une partie du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Un leader <\/span><span class=\"hpsatn0\">a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que &laquo;<\/span>les mineurs <span class=\"hps\">ont \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d\u00e9plac\u00e9s par la violence<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">C&#8217;\u00e9tait<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la d\u00e9cennie<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">1995-2005<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Combien de personnes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ils ont tu\u00e9<\/span>? <span class=\"hps\">Macaco<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">(un chef paramilitaire) s&#8217;est appropri\u00e9 de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">plusieurs mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le sud de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bolivar<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">dans une r\u00e9gion riche<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qui est adjacent \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">San<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Martin<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Loba<\/span>, ainsi que de la mine <span class=\"hps\">Santa Cruz<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn0\">&quot;<\/span> . Il a ajout\u00e9 <span class=\"hps\">que &laquo; \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ce moment-l\u00e0<\/span>, il y avait <span class=\"hps\">plus de facilit\u00e9s \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">obtenir<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des titres<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et les paramilitaires<\/span><span class=\"atn\"> en ont profit\u00e9<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn0\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Aujourd&#8217;hui<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">, <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">bandes criminelles<\/span> en&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">seraient<\/span> d&rsquo;<span class=\"hps\">extraire l&#8217;or des terres laiss\u00e9es<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par les anciens chefs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">paramilitaires,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Carlos<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Mario<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Jimenez<\/span><span class=\"atn\">, alias &laquo;<\/span>Macaco&raquo;, <span class=\"hps\">et Ramiro<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Vanoy<\/span>, alias <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span>Cuco <span class=\"hps\">Vanoy<\/span>&quot;, a exprim\u00e9 un <span class=\"hps\">leader social<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du Caucasia.<\/span><br \/> <!--[endif]--><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">&quot;<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">Ils font exploiter<span class=\"hps\"> leurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par des tiers.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Mais comment ils trouvent ces mines? <\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span>Macaco<span class=\"atn\">&quot; et &quot;<\/span>Cuco&quot; <span class=\"hps\">ont laiss\u00e9 beaucoup de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">terres<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span>, des terres qu&#8217; <span class=\"hps\">ils ont pris<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par la violence ou achet\u00e9s<\/span> aux veuves. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9<span class=\"hps\"> que le gouvernement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est en train<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de confisquer ces terres,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ces messieurs des&nbsp;<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">BACRIM<\/span>, savent o\u00f9 <span class=\"hps\">se trouvent ces terres<\/span> alors <span class=\"hps\">ils se sont consacr\u00e9s \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">y faire l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&raquo;, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">un leader de la communaut\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Un responsable du gouvernement<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">de<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">C\u00e1ceres (un village de la r\u00e9gion) a dit que &quot;<\/span> les groupes ill\u00e9gaux <span class=\"hps\">ouvrent leurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">propres mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et que personne<\/span> d&#8217;autre <span class=\"hps\">ne peut le faire<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la r\u00e9gion<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Cependant<\/span>, ils ont tendance <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 que ce soit des gens<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du m\u00eame secteur qui travaillent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ici.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Ils ont \u00e9galement \u00e9tabli<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des r\u00e8gles pour le travail dans les mines qui existent actuellement<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">R\u00e8gles<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">telles que les restrictions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sur l&#8217;utilisation des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">t\u00e9l\u00e9phones cellulaires<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou des cam\u00e9ras<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les zones.<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">La strat\u00e9gie<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de bandes criminelles<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">d&#8217;imposer des conditions<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">dans les zones mini\u00e8res<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">commen\u00e7ait \u00e0 se sentir<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">plus rigoureusement<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">il y a environ deux ans<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">, a expliqu\u00e9 un <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">dirigeant paysan<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de la r\u00e9gion<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">qui a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> &quot;l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">dans le&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Bajo Cauca<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">est une question complexe<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> o\u00f9 convergent <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">beaucoup d&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-889\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ipc.org.co\/agenciadeprensa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Mineria 4.JPG\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">BACRIM<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">alli\u00e9s<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">et ennemis<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">dangereux<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">&laquo;<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">Dans <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;industrie mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 moyenne \u00e9chelle<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">on trouve un m\u00e9lange de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">propri\u00e9taires fonciers<\/span>, commer\u00e7ants <span class=\"hps\">en or,<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">paramilitaires<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">narcotrafiquants<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Les narcotrafiquants et les paramilitaires<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">comptent sur<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la complicit\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de la police<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et des forces arm\u00e9es<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ils d\u00e9cident et mettent en \u0153uvre&nbsp;<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les conditions de travail<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour le personnel<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">amen\u00e9<\/span>&nbsp; de <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;autres r\u00e9gions.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Ils sont arm\u00e9s et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">fixent les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">conditions<\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\">&nbsp;&raquo; <\/span>a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 <span class=\"hps\">le leader<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">paysan.<\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><b><o:p><\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Cet homme a dit<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hpsatn\">que &laquo;<\/span> \u00e0 Taraz\u00e1,&nbsp; <span class=\"hpsatn\">El Bagre <\/span><span class=\"hps\">et C\u00e1ceres<\/span>, on ach\u00e8te ou loue la terre des paysans sous des menaces <span class=\"hps\">et ensuite on&nbsp; les fait partir.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Deux des districts<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les plus<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">touch\u00e9s par le d\u00e9placement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sont les hameaux Oco<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Alto et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">San<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Agustin<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">dans la municipalit\u00e9 de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Taraz\u00e1<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Il a ajout\u00e9<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\"> que<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&laquo;<\/span>les liens entre les miniers et les <span class=\"hps\">narcos<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9sultent des accords<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e9conomiques<\/span>, c&rsquo;est eux qui <span class=\"hps\">pr\u00eatent de l&#8217;argent<\/span>, les personnes <span class=\"hps\">et les armes.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Parce que parfois,<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">l&#8217;<\/span>entrepreneur minier <span class=\"hps\">a les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">machines, mais<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pas les personnes ni<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les armes<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">C&#8217;est une symbiose<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">ils parviennent ainsi \u00e0 un accord<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ils sont capables de<\/span> vider les r\u00e9gions rurales de ses habitants pour installer des&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">machines.<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00c0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">C\u00e1ceres<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">un fonctionnaire<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">a confirm\u00e9 que<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">le d\u00e9placement des personnes continue \u00e0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00eatre un probl\u00e8me mais que<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">dans la plupart des<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">cas les<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">raisons sont inconnues.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">&laquo;Certains<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">d&#8217;entre eux <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">arrivent \u00e0 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">se d\u00e9clarer comme<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e9tant<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> des <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">d\u00e9plac\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">, d&#8217;autres non. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Cette ann\u00e9e,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">on a compt\u00e9 \u00e0 peu pr\u00e9s, sept cas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">, deux <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">individuels<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">et<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">des familles.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Nous ne savons pas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">pourquoi ils<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">ont d\u00fb partir<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">. Ce qu&#8217;ils&nbsp; disent est &laquo;on nous a demand\u00e9 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de partir et nous partons<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">&#8216;, sans sp\u00e9cifier qui sont les <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">acteurs<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">et les raisons.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Selon le leader paysan<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">la strat\u00e9gie de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;ill\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour s&rsquo;approprier<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la terre<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">commence par identifier les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">zones o\u00f9 il y a<\/span> de <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;or.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&quot;\u00c9tant donn\u00e9e que les multinationales<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">se sont install\u00e9es<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sur les rives<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des fleuves Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et Nechi<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">les ill\u00e9gaux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">seraient<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en mouvement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le territoire<\/span>, en s&rsquo;approchant des <span class=\"hps\">ruisseaux et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des territoires proches.&nbsp;&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"yiv531232784hpsyiv531232784atn\"><span lang=\"FR\">&laquo;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">Pour savoir o\u00f9 <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">il y a<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de l&#8217;or, ils identifient les zones<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">o\u00f9 les<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">paysan<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">s <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">barequean <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">(m\u00e9thode traditionnel d&#8217;extraction d&#8217;or)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Ils se pr\u00e9sentent chez les paysans<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> en leur demandant la location ou l&rsquo;achat de<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> leur terrain<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">. Ils <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">installent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">une machine<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">si elle fonctionne,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">ils en installent une ou deux autres de plus<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Une fois install\u00e9s les paysans<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">deviennent inutiles<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Apr\u00e8s,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les paramilitaires<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">se placent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e0 l&#8217;entr\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">des villages&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">et<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">commencent \u00e0 menacer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">agriculteurs pour qu&#8217;ils acceptent de vendre leurs terres<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Si<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">ces derniers refusent de vendre,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> ce sont&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">agents<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de police<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">qui poussent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les agriculteurs<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> \u00e0 le faire<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">&raquo;, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv531232784hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">le leader paysan.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Selon ce leader<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">, <span class=\"hps\">la man\u0153uvre des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">groupes arm\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 louer<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la terre est une<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&quot;nouvelle m\u00e9thode<\/span> et elle <span class=\"hps\">diff\u00e8re de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la strat\u00e9gie utilis\u00e9e<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par les paramilitaires dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la r\u00e9gion d&#8217;Urab\u00e1<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">o\u00f9 la seule option<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e9tait de vendre<\/span>.&quot; <span class=\"hps\">Nous devons<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pr\u00e9ciser que<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les mineurs artisanaux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">louent \u00e9galement des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, mais cela se fait avec un<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">accord entre l&#8217;entrepreneur et le paysan<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">non par des menaces<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">comme ces&nbsp; groupes arm\u00e9s ill\u00e9gaux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">seraient en train de faire. <\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s les informations de <st1:personname productid=\"la Municipalit\uffe9\" w:st=\"on\">la Municipalit\u00e9<\/st1:personname> r\u00e9gionale autonome d&#8217;Antioquia <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;\">(CORANTIOQUIA),<\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> il y aurait 680 points<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> de <span class=\"hps\">mines alluviales<\/span> dans la r\u00e9gion du Bajo Cauca, dont 480 <span class=\"hps\">seraient<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">exploit\u00e9s par<\/span> des mineurs <span class=\"hps\">informels<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et 200<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par les FARC<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou<\/span> par <span class=\"hpsatn\">les groupes &quot;<\/span>Los <span class=\"hps\">Rastrojos<\/span><span class=\"atn\">&quot; et &quot;<\/span>Les <span class=\"hps\">Urabe\u00f1os<\/span>&quot;.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">Selon l&#8217;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"atn\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l&#8217;<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">Universit\u00e9 EAFIT et <st1:personname productid=\"la Fondation Id\u00e9es\" w:st=\"on\"><span class=\"hps\">la Fondation Id\u00e9es<\/span><\/st1:personname><span class=\"hps\"> pour<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la paix<\/span>, <span class=\"hpsatn\">&laquo;<\/span>l&#8217;exploitation ill\u00e9gale <span class=\"hps\">est directement li\u00e9e \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la nature<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">informelle de l&#8217;industrie de l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en Colombie.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">L&#8217;enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que, dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Antioquia<\/span>, 80% de l&#8217;or <span class=\"hps\">qui est produit,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">provient de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ne sont pas l\u00e9gales<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Mais en plus, cette fa\u00e7on d&#8217;exploiter&nbsp; l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est directement li\u00e9e<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">au caract\u00e8re informelle de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 foncier<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le pays<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&raquo;.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">[2<\/span>]<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">leader paysan<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 que<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">plusieurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">situations ill\u00e9gales<\/span> <span class=\"hpsalt-edited\">pr\u00e9valent<\/span><span class=\"hps\"> parce que<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">apparemment, certains<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">membres<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span> appuient <span class=\"hps\">les BACRIM et les trafiquants<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de drogue<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour contr\u00f4ler<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">zones o\u00f9 ceux-ci ont leurs mines<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">&laquo; Les paramilitaires&nbsp; contr\u00f4lent \u00e0 l&#8217;interne,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l\u00e0 o\u00f9 se trouvent les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">travailleurs et les machines, et \u00e0 l&#8217;externe<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;arm\u00e9e lance des interventions qui&nbsp; provoquent le d\u00e9placement des paysans.&nbsp;&raquo;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Mais alors que<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les BACRIM (gangs criminels<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">) <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">cherchent \u00e0 intervenir<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">dans les villages<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">miniers<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des centres<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">municipaux<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">la gu\u00e9rilla contr\u00f4le <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">l&#8217;activit\u00e9 mini\u00e8re <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">des terres \u00e9loign\u00e9es, voir m\u00eame<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">dans la jungle<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1241186847hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"><\/p>\n<p> <!--[endif]--><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">Les conditions<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">impos\u00e9es par la gu\u00e9rilla<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Dans les<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9gions bois\u00e9es du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bajo Cauca<\/span>, pr\u00e8s des <span class=\"hps\">Serran\u00edas de San<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Lucas et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Ayapel<\/span>, principalement dans les <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9gions montagneuses de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Taraz\u00e1<\/span>, C\u00e1ceres, <span class=\"hps\">El Bagre<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et Nechi<\/span>, les FARC <span class=\"hps\">imposent des conditions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sp\u00e9cifiques<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">aux mineurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qui osent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">s&#8217;aventurer \u00e0 chercher de l&#8217;or<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Selon un<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">rapport de l&#8217;Ombudsman<\/span> (Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo), <span class=\"hps\">intitul\u00e9 Mini\u00e8rie de fait en Colombie<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">les groupes d&#8217;insurg\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">se financent gr\u00e2ce \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;extorsion<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">des mines,&nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"hps\">de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on que<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le font les gangs criminels<\/span>, <span class=\"hpsatn\">en <\/span><span class=\"hps\">demandant<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des paiements mensuels<\/span> et en exigeant une <span class=\"hps\">partie de la production<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">brute<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou en taxant<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">chaque machine<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le rapport indique<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">que &laquo;selon les chiffres de<\/span> <st1:personname productid=\"la Sexta Brigada\" w:st=\"on\"><span class=\"hps\">la<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Sexta Brigada<\/span><\/st1:personname> <span class=\"hps\">de l&#8217;Arm\u00e9e Nationale dans la municipalit\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d<\/span>&rsquo;<span class=\"hps\">Ataco<\/span>,<span class=\"hps\"> d\u00e9partement de Tolima, la guerrilla des FARC<\/span> recevait <span class=\"hps\">des revenus journali\u00e8rs de 120<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millions de pesos pour une<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">exploitation aurif\u00e8re de fait<\/span>, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 <span class=\"hps\">financer des activit\u00e9s terroristes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le d\u00e9partement&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">[1<\/span>]<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00c9galement,<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">en Novembre 2010,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">un groupe d&#8217;officiers<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">renseignement secrets de la police<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a d\u00e9couvert que les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">FARC<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">contr\u00f4laient<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">15 mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le Sud<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de Bolivar<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">extorquaient<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">200 propri\u00e9taires<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de r\u00e9tro excavatrices<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les municipalit\u00e9s de El Bagre<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et Nechi<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">L&#8217;information a \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">publi\u00e9e par le journal<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">El Espectador<\/span>, qui a interview\u00e9 <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;un des officiers<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\">L&#8217;<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">article affirmait que <span class=\"hps\">la gu\u00e9rilla<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">exigeait cinq<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millions de pesos \u00e0 chaque mineur pour<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">lui permettre de d\u00e9marrer<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les op\u00e9rations mini\u00e8res et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">trois millions de pesos pour<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\"> le temps<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qu&#8217;il restait<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sur le site.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Selon<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le t\u00e9moignage du militaire, &quot;nous calculons<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que les FARC<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">re\u00e7oivent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">environ $ 1.600<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millions par an<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 cet effet<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Sans parler des profits qu&#8217;ils en font de l&#8217;exploitation de leurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">propres mines,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;o\u00f9 ils obtiennent<\/span> de <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;or de 24 carats<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Chaque once<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">peut co\u00fbter<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">US<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">$ 1240<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sur le march\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span>[2]<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le pr\u00e9sident de CONARMINERCOL Ramiro<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">Restrepo<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">a d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que pr\u00e9sentement, il n&#8217;a aucune certitude<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">gu\u00e9rilleros<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des FARC<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;ELN<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">extorquent de fonds<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">aux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mineurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du Bajo Cauca<\/span>, mais <span class=\"hps\">n&#8217;a pas \u00e9cart\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que cela se produise<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span>Je ne <span class=\"hps\">dispose pas d&#8217;informations fiables<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qui me permettent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de dire avec certitude<\/span>, mais <span class=\"hps\">si elles (les guerrillas) sont pr\u00e9sentes<\/span> dans le territoire <span class=\"hps\">et mettent de la pression, \u00e7a<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">doit \u00eatre parce qu&#8217;ils<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ont un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e9conomique<\/span>.&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Pour sa part, le<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">leader paysan<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de la r\u00e9gion<\/span>, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span>les groupes insurg\u00e9s <span class=\"hps\">commencent \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">r\u00e9glementer les activit\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de travail et social<\/span>es <span class=\"hps\">dans des zones<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">situ\u00e9es<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">plus<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de la jungle ou des montagnes<\/span>. Ils permettent <span class=\"hps\">au propri\u00e9taire<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des machines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;explorer un territoire en lui exigeant de ne pas contaminer l&rsquo;eau et de remplir les trous<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">caus\u00e9s par l&#8217;exploitation.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">L&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 ces zones est interdit aux personnes qui ne sont pas de la zone. <\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span>Dans <span class=\"hps\">certains <\/span>cas,<span class=\"hps\"> par 8 jours de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">travail, les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">rebels<\/span> exigent un jour de <span class=\"hps\">&quot;travail communautaire&quot;<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">pour cultiver<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le manioc<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou le banane<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">plantain<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans un<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">terrain communautaire<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Ces contr\u00f4les<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">montrent la faible pr\u00e9sence<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\"> de l&#8217;\u00c9tat<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les r\u00e9gions mini\u00e8res<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Selon le rapport<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de l&#8217;Ombudsman (Defensoria del Pueblo)<\/span>, <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<\/span><span class=\"hps\"> dans la plupart de cas,<\/span> le conflit <span class=\"hps\">dans les mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et aux&nbsp; alentours, est du \u00e0 la mauvaise gouvernance.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00c9tant donn\u00e9e que<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la majorit\u00e9 des mines de fait (ou informelle) a lieu dans<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des r\u00e9gions \u00e9loign\u00e9es de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la capitale, <\/span>de <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;attention des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">m\u00e9dias et des autorit\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mini\u00e8res<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et environnementales, les groupes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">hors la loi<\/span> en profitent. <span class=\"hps\">Dans de nombreux cas, <\/span>ils <span class=\"hps\">imposent <\/span>aux <span class=\"hps\">mineurs locaux<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\"> leurs conditions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et leur demandent de l&#8217;argent sous pr\u00e9texte de leur offrir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">&raquo;.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">[3<\/span>]<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Une autre situation \u00e0 laquelle profitent souvent<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">les groupes clandestins<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">est le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mauvais contr\u00f4le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du gouvernement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">commerce de l&#8217;or<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">L&#8217;achat<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et la contrebande du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mineral<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">seraient utilis\u00e9s par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les trafiquants de drogue<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9poque par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les paramilitaires<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour l\u00e9galiser<\/span> des <span class=\"hps\">capitaux illicites<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">L&#8217;affaire<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">des<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">narcos<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Alors que<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> les <span class=\"hps\">BACRIM<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et la gu\u00e9rrilla obtiennent des revenus principalement<\/span> de <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;extorsion<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">dans certains cas,<\/span> de l&#8217;exploitation aurif\u00e8re, <span class=\"hps\">les trafiquants de drogue<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieraient de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">avec<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le blanchiment d&#8217;argent<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">L&#8217;affaire<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">narcos<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">serait<\/span> d&rsquo;<span class=\"hps\">acheter de l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des machines avec l&#8217;argent de la drogue<\/span>, raison <span class=\"hps\">pour laquelle parfois<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ils<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">utilisent&nbsp;<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les mines de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">fa\u00e7ade<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Dans le<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">Bajo Cauca,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la plupart du commerce des min\u00e9raux est fait<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">avec l&rsquo;achat<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;or<\/span> que les commer\u00e7ants <span class=\"hps\">ach\u00e8tent aux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">petits et moyens mineurs<\/span>, en d\u00e9duisant l<span class=\"hps\">e 6%<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les redevances.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Par la suite,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">peut \u00eatre vendu<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en Colombie<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ou \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tranger<\/span> et <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 d&#8217;autres soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ou entreprises<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;orf\u00e8vrerie<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Bien que<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">dans toutes les municipalit\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Bajo Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">existent des points d&#8217;achat d&#8217;or<\/span>, le min\u00e9ral <span class=\"hps\">n&#8217;arrive pas toujours<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">directement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 ces \u00e9tablissements<\/span>; <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 plusieurs reprises<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est achet\u00e9 et vendu<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par des tiers<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">dans le commerce informel<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Un mineur a<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">expliqu\u00e9 que<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">&laquo;souvent le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">barequero<\/span>, qui r\u00e9alise cette activit\u00e9 pour sa <span class=\"hps\">subsistance<\/span>, ach\u00e8te ses vivres <span class=\"hps\">avec de l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">marchand lui donne le retour en<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">argent, et<\/span> avec&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">cet argent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le barequero va au magasin<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"hps\">ou \u00e0 la cantine<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">C&#8217;est<\/span> \u00e0 dire, <span class=\"hps\">le m\u00eame commer\u00e7ant<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">devient<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">acheteur d&#8217;or<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">L&#8217;interm\u00e9diat est<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">l&#8217;un des<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">m\u00e9canismes qui permettent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> aux ill\u00e9gaux <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">d&#8217;intervenir<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">dans le commerce<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de l&#8217;or<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">pour leur propre profit.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Dans le temps de<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hpsyiv393485458atn\"><span lang=\"FR\">paramilitaires &quot;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">alias &quot;Macaco&quot;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> \u00e9tait le principal <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">acheteur<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">et<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">c&rsquo;\u00e9tait eux<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">(les paramilitaires), qui d\u00e9cidaient<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">quelle municipalit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">devait recevoir<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">redevances,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">qui \u00e9taient en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les municipalit\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par eux<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\">&quot;, a r\u00e9pondu <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">le mineur<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e0 sa question de pourquoi<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> l&rsquo;\u00c9tat <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">ne d\u00e9tectait pas ces<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">situations<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv393485458hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00c0 l&#8217;heure actuelle<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">selon le rapport<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de l&#8217;Ombudsman<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> (Defesonria del Pueblo), ce sont les narcotrafiquants <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">qu&#8217;auraient le<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">plus d&#8217;incidence sur<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> le commerce<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de l&#8217;or.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hpsyiv1125455879atn\"><span lang=\"FR\">&quot;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\">Dans plusieurs pays, dont <\/span><\/span><st1:personname productid=\"la Colombie\" w:st=\"on\"><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">la Colombie<\/span><\/span><\/st1:personname><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">les trafiquants de drogue<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">ach\u00e8tent souvent de l&#8217;or<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">aux mineurs informels<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">ou l&rsquo;extraient<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">directement, et<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">ensuite d\u00e9clarent le min\u00e9ral comme \u00e9tant partie de la production<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">d&#8217;une mine<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">formelle&raquo;.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">[4<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv1125455879\"><span lang=\"FR\">]<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le document<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">rend \u00e9galement compte des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">m\u00e9canismes utilis\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en Colombie pour<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">blanchir de l&#8217;argent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">avec l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span>. <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot; 1. <\/span>L&rsquo;<span class=\"hps\">achat<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de la production min\u00e9rale<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">aux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mineurs locaux<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">m\u00eame \u00e0 des prix<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">que ceux offerts par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les acheteurs finaux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">(\u00e0 savoir,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Banco<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de <st1:personname productid=\"la Rep\ufffablica\" w:st=\"on\">la Rep\u00fablica<\/st1:personname><\/span>), afin de <span class=\"hps\">les faire passer comme production des mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">fa\u00e7ade<\/span>. <st1:metricconverter productid=\"2. L\" w:st=\"on\"><span class=\"hps\">2<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">L<\/span><\/st1:metricconverter><span class=\"hps\">&#8216;importation de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en contrebande des pays<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">voisins<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">comme l&#8217;Equateur<\/span>, le Venezuela <span class=\"hps\">et &nbsp;Panama<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le faire passer comme<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">production des mines<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">fa\u00e7ade<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">3<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Importation de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">machinerie d&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">achet\u00e9e<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">avec les dollars<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">issus du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">trafic de drogue.<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&quot;<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">En plus de<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">la possibilit\u00e9 de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">blanchir l&#8217;argent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">avec de l&#8217;or<\/span>,&nbsp; il y avait <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;autres facteurs dans le Bajo Cauca<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">qui ont acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la participation des groupes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ill\u00e9gaux dans la mini\u00e8rie<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Des situations<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">telles que les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">prix \u00e9lev\u00e9s des min\u00e9raux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et la fumigation des cultures<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">illicites<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-890\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ipc.org.co\/agenciadeprensa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Mineria 3.JPG\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">Le<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">boom de l&#8217;or<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">et la situation critique des<\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"shorttext\"><b><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">mineurs artisanaux<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span lang=\"FR\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Les mineurs traditionnels de la r\u00e9gion du Bajo Cauca \u00e0 Antioquia se trouvent dans une position critique<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">. <span class=\"hps\">Malgr\u00e9 avoir d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 leur<\/span>s activit\u00e9s<span class=\"hps\"> pendant&nbsp; des ann\u00e9es<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et avoir contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9conomie<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de la r\u00e9gion,<\/span> ils <span class=\"hps\">sont aujourd&#8217;hui<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sous la pression des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">groupes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">hors la loi<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et en m\u00eame temps,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">poursuivis par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le gouvernement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">national.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Une partie de cette<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">situation s&#8217;explique par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le prix<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e9lev\u00e9 de l&#8217;or<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">qui attire<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de plus en plus<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des int\u00e9r\u00eats pour les mines,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et l&#8217;\u00e9radication<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des cultures illicites<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qui a affect\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;\u00e9conomie<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des groupes arm\u00e9s<\/span>, en leur for\u00e7ant \u00e0 chercher <span class=\"hps\">des alternatives \u00e9conomiques<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">La crise<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">financi\u00e8re mondiale, qui<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a d\u00e9valu\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les monnaies<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">comme le dollar et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;euro<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ont fait d\u00e9river<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les \u00e9pargnants vers l&#8217;or<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">le prix<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de ce mineral<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a atteint<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des niveaux records<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">D&#8217;un prix<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;environ<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">250 $ l&#8217;once<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en <st1:metricconverter productid=\"2001, l\" w:st=\"on\">2001, l<\/st1:metricconverter>&#8216;or a cl\u00f4tur\u00e9 \u00e0<\/span> 1<span class=\"hps\">564 $<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;once<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en 2011<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">pr\u00e8s de trois<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millions de dollars<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9poque.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Ce boom<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a augment\u00e9 la rentabilit\u00e9&nbsp;<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les mineurs<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 son tour<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">a suscit\u00e9 l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des agriculteurs<\/span>, le gouvernement national, les multinationales <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les groupes ill\u00e9gaux<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Selon<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">un rapport du<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Service G\u00e9ologique National<\/span>, publi\u00e9 <span class=\"hps\">par le magazine DINERO<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">la production d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de l&#8217;ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en Colombie<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a augment\u00e9 de 4,3<\/span>%, passant de <span class=\"hps\">53,6<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tonnes en<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">2010 \u00e0 55,9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tonnes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">en 2011.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">La<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">production la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9e en<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Antioquia<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">avec 19,2<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tonnes d&#8217;or<\/span>, suivie par <span class=\"hps\">Bolivar avec<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">5,4 tonnes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et Caldas<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">avec 1,3<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tonnes<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">[1<\/span>]<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Selon<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Ramiro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Restrepo<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\">, pr\u00e9sident de <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">CONARMINERCOL<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\">,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> 60<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\">% de la <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">production totale<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">d&#8217;or dans le d\u00e9partement d&#8217;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Antioquia<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">en 2011<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> provenait du <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Bajo Cauca<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\">. <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Ces niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de production et le prix \u00e9lev\u00e9 du<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">mineral<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">font de la r\u00e9gion<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">une zone strat\u00e9gique<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">pour les groupes<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">en dehors de<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">la loi<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e0 cause des revenus qu&#8217;ils re\u00e7oivent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">de l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span><\/span><span class=\"yiv475053207\"><span lang=\"FR\">.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">\u00c0 cela on ajoute le fait que<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">la production de coca<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">une des principales sources de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">financement des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">groupes ill\u00e9gaux<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">a \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9e<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es par<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les fumigations et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;\u00e9radication manuelle<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des cultures illicites<\/span>, et cela <span class=\"hps\">sous le gouvernement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent et la direction du <\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;\">Centro de Coordinaci\u00f3n de Acci\u00f3n Integral (CCAI)<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">et, pr\u00e9sentement,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">par le<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;\"> Plan Nacional de Consolidaci\u00f3n Territorial.<\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"> Cette situation a pouss\u00e9&nbsp; de nombreux agriculteurs \u00e0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">abandonner ces<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">plantations<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et se d\u00e9dier \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d&#8217;autres cultures ou<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Sous ces circonstances,<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">groupes arm\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">se sont concentr\u00e9s plus fortement<\/span> sur<span class=\"hps\"> le secteur minier<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et comme il <\/span><span class=\"st\">a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 dit,&nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"hps\">ils extorquent<\/span>, extraient <span class=\"hps\">leur propre or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">blanchissent l&#8217;argent<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Mais<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">bien qu&#8217;il y ait<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des extorsions, de&nbsp;<\/span>l&#8217;informalit\u00e9 <span class=\"hps\">et de l&#8217;ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 dans d&#8217;autres<\/span> activit\u00e9s <span class=\"hps\">\u00e9conomiques<\/span>, l<span class=\"hps\">e signalement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">du gouvernement national s&#8217;est ax\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sur l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">arguments principaux sont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;impact environnemental et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">les ressources millionnaires que seraient<\/span>&nbsp;en train de percevoir<span class=\"hpsatn\"> les <\/span>BACRIM <span class=\"hps\">et la gu\u00e9rilla<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Le leader mineur<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">a dit que si<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la question<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">est de prot\u00e9ger<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;environnement<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">et stopper l&rsquo;ill\u00e9galit\u00e9, le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">gouvernement a les moyens<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">&laquo;Si<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\"> la porte<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e0 la l\u00e9galisation est ouverte pour tous les mineurs,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">nous devons nous l\u00e9galiser<\/span>, c&#8217;est \u00e0 dire, \u00eatre \u00e0 jour sur <span class=\"hps\">tout et<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">nous laisser enqu\u00eater, donner le nom, le num\u00e9ro de document d&#8217;identit\u00e9 et le lieu de r\u00e9sidence. <\/span>&quot; <span class=\"hps\">Il a ajout\u00e9 que ceci<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">offrirait des possibilit\u00e9s<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">de formation<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour l&#8217;exploitation<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mini\u00e8re durable.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Un des probl\u00e8mes est que les conditions pour devenir l\u00e9gaux&nbsp; d\u00e9passent la capacit\u00e9 des mineurs traditionnels, de sorte qu&#8217;ils restent dans les limbes de ce que le gouvernement consid\u00e8re comme l\u00e9gale et ill\u00e9gale. Cette situation a entra\u00een\u00e9 des protestations des mineurs, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle nationale, dans le&nbsp; Bajo Cauca. Mais les solutions ne sont pas arriv\u00e9es et les n\u00e9gociations avec le gouvernement vont tr\u00e8s lentement, de sorte que le d\u00e9bat se poursuive sur \u200b\u200bla toile.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\"><b>En d\u00e9veloppement &#8230;<o:p><\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hps\"><b><span lang=\"FR\">Or dans le Bajo Cauca, un summum des int\u00e9resses et d&#8217;une lutte pour la l\u00e9galit\u00e9<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hpsatn\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language: FR\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt; mso-ansi-language:FR\">Chapitre deuxi\u00e8me)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1077\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ipc.org.co\/agenciadeprensa\/images\/stories\/Mineria 2(2).jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"299\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\">Photo Carlos \u00c1lvarez<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Traduction Maria del Socorro Alzate S.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">Depuis<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">les<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt<\/span>, <span class=\"hps\">la r\u00e9gion du Bajo<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cauca<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">\u00e9t\u00e9 l&#8217;\u00e9picentre de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la production d&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">d\u00e9partement d&#8217;Antioquia<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">la r\u00e9gion est devenue<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le sc\u00e9nario de manifestations<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">mini\u00e8res<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">contre le gouvernement national<\/span> qui vise \u00e0 <span class=\"hps\">mettre fin \u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">ill\u00e9gale ce qui porte atteinte &nbsp;\u00e0<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span> <span class=\"hpsatn\">&nbsp;<\/span>informelle. <span class=\"hps\">L&#8217;intervention<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des groupes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">arm\u00e9s, les extorsions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">millionnaires<\/span>, les dommages environnementaux <span class=\"hps\">et les pers\u00e9cutions de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat<\/span>\u200b\u200b, <span class=\"hps\">sont<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">quelques-unes des<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">questions<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">qui suscitent<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">le d\u00e9bat<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\">L&#8217;Agence<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\"> <span class=\"hps\">de presse<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">IPC<\/span> s<span class=\"hps\">&#8216;est rendue dans la r\u00e9gion<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">pour faire<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">un rapport sp\u00e9cial<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">sur l&#8217;exploitation mini\u00e8re<\/span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ce<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">premier chapitre d\u00e9crit comment<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des groupes ill\u00e9gaux<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">essayent de profiter de<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">l&#8217;or<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">tant convoit\u00e9e.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin-top:0cm\" type=\"disc\">\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\"><span class=\"hps\"><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR\">Les      noms<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:8.0pt;mso-ansi-language:     FR\"> de <span class=\"hps\">diff\u00e9rentes sources mentionn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">omis pour<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"FR\">.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><br \/>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informes-especiales"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L&#039;or convoit\u00e9 et Bajo Cauca - Agencia de Prensa IPC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Photo Carlos \u00c1lvarez Traduction Maria del Socorro Alzate S. Depuis les ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt, la r\u00e9gion du Bajo Cauca a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&#039;\u00e9picentre de la production d&#039;or dans le d\u00e9partement d&#039;Antioquia. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion est devenue le sc\u00e9nario de manifestations mini\u00e8res contre le gouvernement national qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l&#039;exploitation mini\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale ce qui porte atteinte &nbsp;\u00e0 l&#039;exploitation mini\u00e8re &nbsp;informelle. L&#039;intervention des groupes arm\u00e9s, les extorsions millionnaires, les dommages environnementaux et les pers\u00e9cutions de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat\u200b\u200b, sont quelques-unes des questions qui suscitent le d\u00e9bat. L&#039;Agence de presse IPC s&#039;est rendue dans la r\u00e9gion pour faire un rapport sp\u00e9cial sur l&#039;exploitation mini\u00e8re. Ce premier chapitre d\u00e9crit comment des groupes ill\u00e9gaux essayent de profiter de l&#039;or tant convoit\u00e9e.   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Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion est devenue le sc\u00e9nario de manifestations mini\u00e8res contre le gouvernement national qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l&#039;exploitation mini\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale ce qui porte atteinte &nbsp;\u00e0 l&#039;exploitation mini\u00e8re &nbsp;informelle. L&#039;intervention des groupes arm\u00e9s, les extorsions millionnaires, les dommages environnementaux et les pers\u00e9cutions de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat\u200b\u200b, sont quelques-unes des questions qui suscitent le d\u00e9bat. L&#039;Agence de presse IPC s&#039;est rendue dans la r\u00e9gion pour faire un rapport sp\u00e9cial sur l&#039;exploitation mini\u00e8re. Ce premier chapitre d\u00e9crit comment des groupes ill\u00e9gaux essayent de profiter de l&#039;or tant convoit\u00e9e.   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Depuis les ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt, la r\u00e9gion du Bajo Cauca a \u00e9t\u00e9 l'\u00e9picentre de la production d'or dans le d\u00e9partement d'Antioquia. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion est devenue le sc\u00e9nario de manifestations mini\u00e8res contre le gouvernement national qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l'exploitation mini\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale ce qui porte atteinte &nbsp;\u00e0 l'exploitation mini\u00e8re &nbsp;informelle. L'intervention des groupes arm\u00e9s, les extorsions millionnaires, les dommages environnementaux et les pers\u00e9cutions de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat\u200b\u200b, sont quelques-unes des questions qui suscitent le d\u00e9bat. L'Agence de presse IPC s'est rendue dans la r\u00e9gion pour faire un rapport sp\u00e9cial sur l'exploitation mini\u00e8re. Ce premier chapitre d\u00e9crit comment des groupes ill\u00e9gaux essayent de profiter de l'or tant convoit\u00e9e. 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Candidato a Magister en Ciencia de la Informaci\u00f3n con \u00c9nfasis en Memoria y Sociedad, Escuela Interamericana de Bibliotecolog\u00eda de la UdeA. Coordinador de la Agencia de Prensa IPC entre 2012 y 2018. Actualmente periodista en Hacemos Memoria. Trabajando por esa Colombia excluida y vulnerada, por aquellos que no son escuchados y por la anhelada paz. Aficionado a la literatura, al rock, a las huertas y a las buenas pel\u00edculas.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ipc.org.co\\\/agenciadeprensa\\\/author\\\/yhernandez\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"L'or convoit\u00e9 et Bajo Cauca - Agencia de Prensa IPC","description":"Photo Carlos \u00c1lvarez Traduction Maria del Socorro Alzate S. Depuis les ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt, la r\u00e9gion du Bajo Cauca a \u00e9t\u00e9 l'\u00e9picentre de la production d'or dans le d\u00e9partement d'Antioquia. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion est devenue le sc\u00e9nario de manifestations mini\u00e8res contre le gouvernement national qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l'exploitation mini\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale ce qui porte atteinte &nbsp;\u00e0 l'exploitation mini\u00e8re &nbsp;informelle. L'intervention des groupes arm\u00e9s, les extorsions millionnaires, les dommages environnementaux et les pers\u00e9cutions de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat\u200b\u200b, sont quelques-unes des questions qui suscitent le d\u00e9bat. L'Agence de presse IPC s'est rendue dans la r\u00e9gion pour faire un rapport sp\u00e9cial sur l'exploitation mini\u00e8re. Ce premier chapitre d\u00e9crit comment des groupes ill\u00e9gaux essayent de profiter de l'or tant convoit\u00e9e.   Les   noms de diff\u00e9rentes sources mentionn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 omis pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ipc.org.co\/agenciadeprensa\/lor-convoite-et-bajo-cauca\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"L'or convoit\u00e9 et Bajo Cauca - Agencia de Prensa IPC","og_description":"Photo Carlos \u00c1lvarez Traduction Maria del Socorro Alzate S. Depuis les ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt, la r\u00e9gion du Bajo Cauca a \u00e9t\u00e9 l'\u00e9picentre de la production d'or dans le d\u00e9partement d'Antioquia. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la r\u00e9gion est devenue le sc\u00e9nario de manifestations mini\u00e8res contre le gouvernement national qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l'exploitation mini\u00e8re ill\u00e9gale ce qui porte atteinte &nbsp;\u00e0 l'exploitation mini\u00e8re &nbsp;informelle. L'intervention des groupes arm\u00e9s, les extorsions millionnaires, les dommages environnementaux et les pers\u00e9cutions de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat\u200b\u200b, sont quelques-unes des questions qui suscitent le d\u00e9bat. L'Agence de presse IPC s'est rendue dans la r\u00e9gion pour faire un rapport sp\u00e9cial sur l'exploitation mini\u00e8re. Ce premier chapitre d\u00e9crit comment des groupes ill\u00e9gaux essayent de profiter de l'or tant convoit\u00e9e.   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